Definitions and Examples of Epistrophe

Nazi Empire German Colonialism And Imperialism - 1309 Words

Ilan Avineri HIST-444W October 5th, 2017 Annotated Bibliography #1 Baranowski, Shelley. Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Drawing on recent studies of the links between colonialism and genocide, Nazi Empire traces the development of proto-Nazism though a comprehensive history of Imperial Germany. Baranowski exposes the near chronic expansionist aspiration of Imperial Germany and the simultaneous fear of destruction by rivals. While Baranowski respects the fundamental differences between the Second Empire, the Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany, she reveals a similarity among them. The German imperial project embraced ethnic†¦show more content†¦2006. Unemployment in Interwar Germany. An Analysis of the Labor Market, 192 7-1936. Journal Of Economic History 66, no. 3: 778-808. In an useful economic history, Nicholas Dimsdale analyzes the various causes of unemployment in interwar Germany. Specifically, Dimsdale demonstrates how various shocks to consumer demand are crucial in explaining the hypertrophic growth of unemployment in the closing years of the Weimar Republic. Supply-side solutions failed miserably, and it until Hitler provided a stimulus demand-side solution the Germany economy was floundering. Drawing on massive amounts of data, Dimsdale’s strict economic approach, really solidifies the validity of various other historians who have placed financial waxing and waning at the center of the collapse of Weimar. Falter, Jà ¼rgen W. 1992. â€Å"Economic Debts And Political Gains: Electoral Support For The Nazi Party In Agrarian And Commercial Sectors, 1928-1933. Historical Social Research 17, no. 1: 3-21. In a study published in 1992, â€Å"Economic Debts And Political Gains,† Jà ¼rgen Falter traces the near simultaneous growth of unemployment in Weimar Germany and agrarian support for the Nazi party. Rural Germans were met in the late 1920s by plummeting prices, reduced business transactions and diminished income. Through both correlation and regression path analyses, Jurgen examines the role of the depression and both agrarian andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : 9 / 11, A Documentary By American Journalist Thomas Friedman1219 Words   |  5 Pagesa driving force behind the diplomacy of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party). The pervasive sense of national shame began with the unprepared acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles, intensified during the forced implementation of the treaty’s clauses, and culminated in the pursuit of Lebensraum – the Nazi foreign policy centered on establishing a utopian Eurasian land- based empire. Such a calamitous ideology was essentially an outgrowth of humiliation. The greatRead MoreThe Enormous Impacts of World War I984 Words   |  4 Pagesthat World War I, beginning in 1914 was the most important war of modern times because it if the foundation for so many conflict to come in the 20th century. The Great War is responsible for World War II, its predecessors, and wars that followed the Nazi regime. However, it not only affected the world on a militaristic level, but it eternally impacted policy, economics and society as a whole. The war stemmed from long-term competition in regard to trade, colonies, allies, and arms. Especially betweenRead MoreImperialism in India6601 Words   |  27 Pagesof imperialism are both positive and negative. The positive effects are banning inhumane traditional practices such as sati and the dowry system, promoting widow remarriage and prohibiting child marriage. The negative effects are that Britain caused the traditional industries to crash. Also, poverty increased. British officials were paid out of the India treasury. Imperialism drained Indias wealth. It destroyed India economically and politically. India became dependent due to imperialism. ItRead MoreExterminate All the Brutes Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesEuropean colonial policy of the preceding century. The act of genocide itself is not a new one. When we think of genocide today we think Rwanda and the Holocaust. Genocides have been validated by the idea of racial superiority, colonial expansion and imperialism. The most civilized of men are capable of the most brutal acts. The British were able to conquer 1/3 of the world through their impeccable military strength. The British were masters of the sea; steam boats were used all over the world to carryRead Moreï » ¿To what extent is Nationalism inherently aggressive and expansionist?5481 Words   |  22 Pagesdestructive and expansionist is Expansionist Nationalism, as its name suggests, is essentially destructive and expansionist. It advocates a form of national chauvinism where patriotism and national pride reaches a higher level. The nation believes that imperialism is both necessary and desirable because it spreads the benefits of their own civilisation on the lesser civilised countries. Expansionist Nationalism is a radical form of nationalism that incorporates autonomous, patriotic sentiments with a beliefRead MoreModernization Of The Modern Western World2525 Words   |  11 Pagesand the need for natural resources led to an era of colonization by the West. The industrial powers of the West soug ht to gain consumers for their products and cheap raw materials for their means of production. Colonialism gave rise to imperialism, as the Western nations formed global empires. At the greatest expanse of its holdings, Great Britain included parts of Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia . The United States, France, and other European powers also held considerable amountsRead MoreThe Essential Questions5521 Words   |  23 Pagescouncil) powers were weakened and non-Russian Orthodox followers, minorities (especially Jews) were persecuted. ECONOMICS Trace the development of the Commercial Revolution. The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the sixteenth century until the early eighteenth century. Beginning with the Crusades, Europeans rediscovered spices, silks, and other commodities rare in Europe. This development created a new desireRead MoreWhy Nations Go To War2542 Words   |  11 Pagesafter the Second World War. Stoessinger was only a child when  Adolf Hitler  invaded his home of Austria in order to obtain  Anschluss. As a Jewish family, they needed to escape from the Nazis. They received a visa to Shanghai, China from  Chiune Sugihara, a Japanese diplomat who helped thousands of Jews escape from the  Nazis. These were the beginnings that shaped Dr. Stoessinger s world view and interest in WHY NATIONS GO TO WAR’. In the book’s introduction, Dr. Stoessinger tells how, when he wasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreIndian National Army and Its Role in Independence Struggle7239 Words   |  29 Pagesother end of it was Subhash Chandra Bose, with his uncompromising attitude and adamant desire to kick the British out of India even if it meant rubbing shoulders with the Nazis themselves.4 According to Subhash Chandra Bose, the new form of imperialism of Italy, Germany and Japan was in direct conflict with the old forms of imperialism of Britain and United States. In this regard, his opportunist views were closely aligned with those of the „Father of Indian unrest‟, Lokmanya Tilak, who believed that

Essentials Of Law For Health Professionals -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Essentials Of Law For Health Professionals? Answer: Introducation When two parties desire to enter into a contractual relationship then the same can be done by forming a contract. A contract is an agreement which is enforceable in law. An agreement is the exchange of offer and acceptance by the offeror and offeree.[1] Thus, considering the concept of agreement and contract the main essentials required for the formation of a contract are: An agreement An agreement is formed when an offer is supported by an acceptance. thus, there are two requirements to make an agreement: An offer is the first essential ingredient in contract formation. It is a proposal which is intended by the offeror and which he transfers to an offeree orally or in written form. It is a promise to do or not to do certain tasks in exchange of promise on the part of the offeree[2]; An acceptance is the second ingredient and is the intention of the offeree which is communicated in favor of the offer that is received by him. An acceptance is the approval of the proposal which is reciprocated to the offeror[3]. When an offer and acceptance is made then the parties enter into an agreement. This agreement gets the enforceability of law when it is supported with some gain/benefit. The consideration moves from the promisor to the promisee to support the promises that are exchanged amid the parties[4]; The offeror and offeree when making the promises should have legal intonation. Legal intention portrays that the parties are willing to go to the court of law in cases of disputes[5]. The offeror and offeree should also be the parties who are capable to make a contract, a person is said to be capable when he is not suffering from any kind of mental incapacity. Also, the parties should have attained the age of majority as per the law of the land. All these essentials together make a contract which is enforceable in law. Need of Written contract A contract is a document executed by private parties by complying with the elements of contract. In Australia, there are two kinds of contracts that can be made by the parties:[6] The contract that is made by the parties orally or verbally are oral contracts and the contract that are made by the parties on a piece of paper are written contracts. Both oral and written contract are valid in Australia, the only requirement is that both the contract must comply with the elements of contract. Thus, there is no law that a contract has to be in writing in order to be binding. An oral contract has equal sanctity in law. However, it is seen that the written contracts are always preferred when compared with an oral contract. The basic reasons are:[7] That it is very easy to gave meaning to the contract terms if there is ambiguity in the contract; The true intention of the parties can be determined; Human mind is very freckle and parties tend to forget the terms. If the contract will be in written form then it is easy to determine the intention of the parties; Courts are more inclined to rely on written terms when compared with oral terms. Hence, written contract are preferred over oral contracts even though both are valid in law. Formal Contract and its requirements Normally when all the contract elements that is, offer, acceptance, intention, consideration and capacity of the parties are comply with then a contract is formulated by the parties. A contract can be oral or written. Bit, apart from these two contracts there is also one kind of contract which is called Formal Contract.[8] A formal contract is a kind of written contract but to be precise a formal contract is a kind of contract which requires certain necessities to be fulfilled in order to consider a contract as a formal contract. Thus, not every written contract is a formal contract and there are few requirements to convert a contract into a formal contract. The requirements are: That all the contract elements are not required to be present in a formal contract; There is no need for the presence of any kind of benefit to make a formal contract, thus, absence of consideration will also make a contract enforceable. There is no need for the mutual transfer of promise. A written document send in the form of deed to another party is a kind of formal contract; A formal contract has the validity of 12 years and after the time span the contract become unenforceable; It is necessary that every formal contract must be in written form; It is necessary that a formal contract should be signed by the parties. The two examples of formal contracts are: Those contracts which are valid without any need to prove the parties intention and the court rely on the supporting documents to establish the validity of contract. These are court of records. For example, to be of good behavior, be kind etc. The contract which are signed and in the form of deed are contract of seal and are formal contracts Legal intention of the parties Legal intention of the parties signifies that the offeror and offeree should make offer and acceptance with the intention they will abide by the promises in legal manner. So, if any disputes arise then they are willing to go to court of law. However, there is a basic presumption, that if parties are in social relationship then there is no intention but the same is present when they are in commercial relationship. But, this presumption can be annulled if evidence are produced. It was held in Simkins v pays [1955][9] that parties are contractually bound even when they are in social relationship provided there is legal intention to bind by the contract. It is submitted that every Friday night a group of friend meet for drink. $ 2 is contributed by every friend for a lottery ticket which is taken out over the weekend. Only one friend is authorized to buy the ticket. When the group won the lottery, the purchaser submitted that since the relationship is social so there is no contract. It is submitted that the contribution was made by all the friends in regular manner with the intention that if they win then they will share the money. Thus, though they are friends but the legal intention to bind by the ticket jointly is mutual. Thus, by applying the law in Simkins v pays [1955], it is submitted that evidence is adduced which rebut the principal that there is no legal intention in social relationship. Thus, the prize must be distributed amid all the friends as there is a valid contract amid the parties. Agent or Independent contractor There is a need to make a distinction of a person as an independent contractor and an agent mainly because it is their relationship with the principal that analyses the liability of the principal. If the person is an agent then he is the authorized representative of the principal and is in the employment contract with the principal. Every act of the agent is binding on the principal as he is acting as per the direction of the principal. But, if the person is an independent contractor then he is not working under the direction and control of the principal and there is no employment contract. The acts of the contractor are independent and the principal is not held accountable for the same.[10] References Andy Gibson, Douglas Fraser (2013) Business Law 2014, Pearson Higher Education AU. Forrester, Kim , Griffiths, Debra (2014) Essentials of Law for Health Professionals eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences. Laryea, Emmanuel (2002) Paperless Trade:Oppertunities, Challenges and Solutions, Kluwer Law International. Latimer, Paul (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited. Case laws Gibson v Manchester City Council[1979]. Hadley v Baxendale[1854]. Nissan UK Ltd v Nissan Motor ManufacturingUK Ltd [1994]. Simkins v pays [1955] Williams v RoffeyBros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989]. Online Material Findlaw (2017) Is a verbal agreement legally binding? https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5626/is-a-verbal-agreement-legally-binding.aspx. [1] Kim Forrester, Debra Griffiths, (2014) Essentials of Law for Health Professionals eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences. [2] Gibson v Manchester City Council[1979]. [3] Nissan UK Ltd v Nissan Motor ManufacturingUK Ltd [1994]. [4] Williams v RoffeyBros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989]. [5] Hadley v Baxendale[1854]. [6] Emmanuel Laryea (2002) Paperless Trade:Oppertunities, Challenges and Solutions, Kluwer Law International. [7] Findlaw (2017) Is a verbal agreement legally binding? https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5626/is-a-verbal-agreement-legally-binding.aspx. [8] Paul Latimer (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited. [9] Simkins v pays [1955], [10] Andy Gibson, Douglas Fraser (2013) Business Law 2014, Pearson Higher Education AU.

Management of Organisational Change at WMC - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management of Organisational Change at WMC. Answer: Introduction: The case study on WMC presents several appropriate leadership approaches and competencies during implementation of organisational changes in the company. Sofea founded the business as sole proprietorship where she showed her leadership competencies of leading human and financial resources to towards earning profits. Hayes (2014) Chapter 9 mentions that the apex management needs to initiate organisational changes. He points out those organisational changes help organisations to adapt to market conditions. These changes ensure that organisations can restructure their resources like human resources and capital structure according to the new conditions. Further, Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache and Alexander (2010) implementation organisational changes call for two types of leadership approaches namely, task oriented skills and person-oriented skills. Task oriented skills of leadership approach according to them relate to the organisational structure, designing and control of resource s like the top managers and the junior employees. The leaders following this leadership approach emphasises on motivating and supporting their teams (Battilana et al. 2010). They interact with their subordinates and managers about the necessity to bring about organisational changes to adapt to the market situations. An analysis of the case of WMC shows that in initial stage the customers purchasing cotton and woollen fabric were satisfied with the strategy of providing high quality products at high prices. However, in the later stage during the leadership of Ryan and Mira the market situation changed due to entry of foreign producers of woollen and cotton producers who offered these products at low prices and compromised on their quality (Stoppa and Chiolerio 2014). The demand of the customers also changed and they were more concerned about obtaining low priced products of inferior quality. In fact, some of the firms were public limited companies like Walmart who were financially ve ry strong and could offer products at low price. WMC required to change its organisational model to compete with these low cost suppliers. However, the case study does not bear any evidence of Ryan and Mira communicating and motivating the managers about the need to change the model. Here it can be said they exhibit authoritative leadership styles because they wanted to bring about organisational changes without seeking cooperation from the employees. They expected the employees including the directors to cooperate with them without caring for their fear and insecurity regarding the change. Thus, it can be inferred that the leaders Ryan and Mira did not exhibit task oriented leadership skills of planning the organisational change and engaging their employees (Mohajeryami, Schwarz and Baboli 2015). Person oriented leadership skills comprise of the ability to establish a transparent communication with the stakeholders like employees in order to create an organisational climate supportive to the organisational changes. However, it can be pointed that in the case study of WMC, the owners Hana, Ryan and Mira do not exhibit these competencies. The case bears evidences, which show that these leaders consulted with the directors while they were planning to introduce large scale batch production process to export cotton and woollen products to China, Japan and Indonesia as well as to the other parts of the world (Nahavandi 2016). The case also points out that they did not consult with the directors regarding the needs to change the business models or discuss about ways to bring about those changes in the organisation. This lack of implementing change process and gaining employee support resulted in insecurity among the directors as they were uncertain about the future impacts of the ch anges. Moreover, the firm was suffering from insufficient human resources management and adoption of the new high technology sustainable production was supposed to render more employees jobless. This shows that Ryan and Mira lacked task oriented and person oriented skills to drive organisational changes (Lawrence and Weber 2014). Implementation of organisational changes and effectively using task and person oriented leadership approaches require certain competencies from the leaders. The first competency leaders should possess to drive changes in their organisations is the ability to communicate the need to bring about the changes to the employees. The leaders having this attribute consult with their employees to know about their fears and insecurities regarding the changes in the organisation (Franks et al. 2014). The case however does not bear any testimony showing Ryan and Mira holding meetings with their employees to discuss about the process of the change and the effect of it on employees. In fact it can be pointed that the employees feared losing their jobs due to adoption of sustainable and highly advanced techniques of production. This shows that Ryan and Mira lacked the leadership competency of communicating with employees to deal with their fears and motivate them to embrace the change. The next com petency the leaders are expected to have in order to drive the changes is the power to mobilise the resources including employees and capital to bring about the change (Palmer and Stoll 2014). The WMC case study shows that Ryan and Mira were successful to mobilise capital resources to acquire highly advanced sustainable production plants. However, they failed to mobilise the employees to embrace the change and in fact took no initiative to evaluate and address their fears. Thus, it can be said that Ryan and Mira were partly success in showing evaluation and mobilisation when it came to capital but failed to mobilise employees to implement the change (Azapagic et al. 2016). Hayes 2014 Chapter 16 describes that the apex management bodies of the organisation require to intervene to bring about organisational change effectively. The case study of WMC reveals that certain interventions are required to implement the organisational to sustainable large scale production. The following are the interventions needed to assist Ryan and Mira improve the effectiveness of the organisation: Listing on a stock exchange: The case study of WMC shows that at the later stage during the leadership of Ryan and Mira, the company started being threatened by the entry of companies like Walmart and Nike which are public limited company. These companies are public companies, which were able to acquire huge amount capital from the market by floating shares (Mohajeryami, Schwarz and Baboli 2015). This huge capital accounts for their mass production and selling of products, which allow them to reduce their cost of production. As a result, they can enter foreign markets like Malaysia and offer goods at low prices, thus giving the resident companies tough competition (Ahnet et al. 2014). The case study does not bear any evidence of WMC being listed and it appears it remains a sole proprietorship company with limited financial resources compared to Walmart. Thus, this sole proprietorship format of WMC should be intervened with a public limited company format and the company should get listed on a stock exchange (Pal mer and Stoll 2014). It appears from the case study that the organisational culture of WMC was not strong because there was marked lack of communication and understanding between the owners Ryan and Mira and the directors. The competition from the foreign low cost fabric producers had already resulted in reduction in the number of employees at WMC (Mohajeryami, Schwarz and Baboli 2015). The adoption of highly advanced and sustainable large-scale production technology created panic among the employees to lose jobs. This shows that though the firm had stable business relationship with its clients, its relationship with the employees had been breached. The employees were suffering from fear and insecurity due to the organisational change. Ryan and Mira did not involve the directors in all decision making activities related the business (Martins et al. 2016). This resulted in lack of cooperation from the directors towards the outcome of the change. Ryan and Mira should concentrate on mentoring and counsellin g the employees and assure them of job security due to the organisational change. They should establish a smooth flow of communication with the employees. This will strengthen the organisational culture and help the employees deal with their insecurities and fear regarding the change. This would enable the two owners to gain employee support to introduce the change in the organisation (Mohajeryami, Schwarz and Baboli 2015). Strengthening and expansion of supply chain: The case study points out that the firm, WMC was solely dependent on Australian suppliers to provide it with high quality wool and cotton. This dependence on Australia solely led to high cost of importing raw materials from the country. The owners of WMC, Ryan and Mira should expand their supply chain management and import wool and cotton from other countries as well (Ahnet et al. 2014). This expansion of supply chain would enable them to acquire raw materials from the producers offering them at the most economic rates. This would help them to lower their cost of production and allow them to offer the goods at lower prices. This, would result in enhanced competitiveness in the market against strong low cost producers like Nike (Monczka et al. 2015). Hayes (2014) Chapter 27 describes that organisations require forming strategies to sustain changes in them. The author states that the apex management and middle level managers should gain support from the lower level managers and executives. This would help them to enforce the changes more effectively in the organisations. WMC can sustain change by obtaining employee engagement to bring about the organisational change. The owners of the firm Ryan and Mire can follow the following steps to sustain the change in production process towards sustainability: Ryan and Mira should arrange for training the employees to train them to embrace the change. The change in WMC was related to adoption of highly advanced and sustainable production process. They should train the employees to operate the advanced production process. This will have two positive outcomes. First, the employees would be trained and become more efficient in using the modern technology which lead to increase in production. Secondly, it would prevent the employees from losing their jobs which would help the two owners to deal with employee insecurity (Morin et al. 2016). Motivating and communicating with the employees: The two owners Ryan and Mira should communicate with the employees about the need to embrace highly advanced technology in order to gain competitiveness in the market. They should communicate to the employees the positive outcomes of the change like increase in production and profitability. This would help the employees to get rid of their fears and insecurities. They would be motivated to participate in bring about the change and this would minimise the chances of conflict between the owners and employees. The owners should motivate the employees to work harder and reassure them about their job security(Cullen et al. 2014). This would have two long term positive outcomes. First, the providing job security to the employees would motivate the employees to achieve higher levels of productivity. This would result in higher production, which would allow the firm to lower its cost of production. Secondly, it owners would be able to form business strategies well in advance and allocate the employees according to those strategies. Thirdly, decrease in termination of employees would reduce employee turnover. This would help the company to save excess costs to acquire new human resources from the market and allocate more financial resources towards adoption of the sustainable technology and mass productivity facilities (Ahnet et al. 2014). The owners of WMC should identify the strategies and counter the problems like decrease of competitive advantage in the market by obtaining support from the important stakeholders like directors and employees. First, they should make the strategies to counteract the market capturing of strong competitors like Walmart from WMC. They should involve the directors and the top managers in making the strategies to increase the current level of production like motivating the employees and making them feel secure. Secondly, it appears from the case study that WMC did not emphasise on marketing its products aggressively and depended on its existing brand value to attract suppliers and distributors. The firm should form aggressive marketing strategies to attract new suppliers and distributors (Hornstein 2015). This would enable it to counteract the problem of limited supply and distribution chains. The first strategy would help the firm to enhance its production capacity. The second strategy w ould help the firm to choose from a large numbers of suppliers and purchase raw materials from the suppliers offering them at economic rates. The combined effect of these two strategies would enable the firm to lower its cost of production and yet maintain its high quality parameters (Hayes 2014). Large-scale marketing would allow the firms to acquire new customers, which would allow it to earn more profit. The third strategy would be acquiring more human resources and retaining its present employees. This would help the company to retaliate the problem of employee shortages which resulted in fall in productivity (Ahnet et al. 2014). The acquisition of advanced technology would lead to expansion in the production capacities of the employees. Retaining its existing human resources and acquiring more talent would allow the company to allocate its human resources to the new production facilities in advanced. This would result in low cost production due to increased productivity. It wou ld also help the firm to achieve sustainability and cost effectiveness (Kiboss 2015). It can reiterated that the owners Ryan and Mira should obtain support of the directors and the employees to successfully form and implement these strategies and counteract threats from powerful competitors like Walmart. References: Ahn, H.J., Cai, J., Hamao, Y. and Melvin, M., 2014. Little guys, liquidity, and the informational efficiency of price: Evidence from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on the effects of small investor participation.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,29, pp.163-181. Azapagic, A., Stamford, L., Youds, L. and Barteczko-Hibbert, C., 2016. Towards sustainable production and consumption: A novel decision-support framework integrating economic, environmental and social sustainability (DESIRES).Computers Chemical Engineering,91, pp.93-103. Battilana, J., Gilmartin, M., Sengul, M., Pache, A.C. and Alexander, J.A., 2010. Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change.The Leadership Quarterly,21(3), pp.422-438. Cullen, K.L., Edwards, B.D., Casper, W.C. and Gue, K.R., 2014. Employees adaptability and perceptions of change-related uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(2), pp.269-280. Franks, D.M., Davis, R., Bebbington, A.J., Ali, S.H., Kemp, D. and Scurrah, M., 2014. Conflict translates environmental and social risk into business costs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(21), pp.7576-7581. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Kiboss, E.V., 2014. Training Measures Used to Improve Employees Ability to Cope with Challenges Posed by New Advances in Technologies in North Rift Region Kenya.Journal of Human Resources,2(2), pp.243-263. Lawrence, A.T. and Weber, J., 2014.Business and society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Martins, C., Bispo, L., Campos, S., Moreira, T., Martins, R. and Vieira, M., 2016. Stress vulnerability: implications for teacher well-being and satisfaction.European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, pp.746-757. Mohajeryami, S., Schwarz, P. and Baboli, P.T., 2015, October. Including the behavioral aspects of customers in demand response model: Real time pricing versus peak time rebate. InNorth American Power Symposium (NAPS), 2015(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Morin, A.J., Meyer, J.P., Blanger, ., Boudrias, J.S., Gagn, M. and Parker, P.D., 2016. Longitudinal associations between employees beliefs about the quality of the change management process, affective commitment to change and psychological empowerment.human relations,69(3), pp.839-867. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Palmer, D.E. and Stoll, M.L., 2014. Ethics in e-business: Emerging issues and enduring themes. InHandbook of strategic e-business management(pp. 865-887). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Stoppa, M. and Chiolerio, A., 2014. Wearable electronics and smart textiles: a critical review.Sensors,14(7), pp.11957-11992.

Rothaermel Exercise 1 Essay Essay Example

Rothaermel Exercise 1 Essay Essay GROUP CASE STUDY 1 INSTRUCTIONS Complete a instance survey of ABC Corporation ( your teacher will delegate the specific company for the instance survey at the beginning of Module/Week 3 ) in the instance subdivision of the text ( e. g. Case Number 1 ) . A formal. in-depth instance survey analysis requires you to use the full strategic direction procedure. Assume your group is a confer withing squad asked by the ABC Corporation to analyse its external/internal environment and do strategic recommendations. You must include exhibits to back up your analysis and recommendations. The instance survey must include these constituents: We will write a custom essay sample on Rothaermel Exercise 1 Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rothaermel Exercise 1 Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rothaermel Exercise 1 Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 10–12 pages of text plus the exhibitsCover page ( must include the company name. your group name. a list of the active squad members and the day of the month of entry. and a mentions page ; the papers must follow current APA guidelines )Matrixs. which must be exhibits/attachments in the appendix and non portion of the organic structure of the analysis ( The Strategy Club has first-class templates/examples for exhibits and matrices: hypertext transfer protocol: //strategyclub. com/free-student-template/ ) Case survey deliverables ( text must follow this order with APA degree headers for each constituent ) : Executive SummaryExisting mission. aims. and schemesA new mission statement ( include the figure of the constituent in parenthesis before turn toing that constituent ) Great mission statements address these nine constituents:Customers: Who are the firm’s clients?Merchandises or services: What are the firm’s major merchandises or services?Markets: Geographically. where does the house compete?Technology: Is the house technologically current?Concern for endurance. growing. and profitableness: Is the house committed to growing and fiscal soundness?Doctrine: What are the basic beliefs. values. aspirations. and ethical precedences of the house?Self-concept: What is the firm’s typical competency or major competitory advantage?Concern for public image: Is the steadfast responsive to societal. community. and environmental concerns?Concern for employees: Are employees a valuable plus of the house?Analysis of the firm’s bing concern theoretical account SWOT Analysis ( comes from researching the house. industry. and rivals ) It is of import to cognize the difference between causes and effects in the SWOT analysis. Causes are of import. non effects. Once the SWOT Analysis is created. each group needs to build the SWOT Bivariate Strategy Matrix. Deliverables for this subdivision include: SWOT AnalysisInternal Factor Evaluation ( IFE ) MatrixExternal Factor Evaluation ( EFE ) MatrixSWOT Bivariate Strategy MatrixBCG Matrix ( follow the Strategy Club’s templet. non the textbook’s format )Competitive forces. Competitive Profile Matrix ( CPM ) . and competitor’s ratios Deliverables for this subdivision include:Competitive forces analysisCPM and analysisCompetitor’s ratios and analyisCurrent and historical Financial Statements ( Income Statement ( I/S ) . Balance Sheet ( B/S ) and Statement of Cash Flows ) from the three most current old ages for the house The fiscal statements must include alterations ( deltas ) between old ages. Ratios from the most current and available three old ages with deltas and analysisAlternate schemes ( giving advantages and options for each )Pro-Forma Financial Statements ( I/S. B/S and Statement of Cash Flows ) with deltas out three old ages and analysis Each twelvemonth must hold two columns: one with your scheme and one without your scheme. Include Pro-Forma ratios for the first twelvemonth out with deltas contrasting from the most current year’s ratios.Net Present Value analysis of proposed strategy’s new hard currency flow and EPS/EBIT analysis Note: To build the first hard currency flow ( cf1 ) at the really minimal. the new gross from your scheme ( s ) must be discounted back to the present value by ciphering EBIT and that figure will be your cfn for each twelvemonth. cf0 ( initial cost of your scheme ) . cf1 ( discounted hard currency flow foremost twelvemonth ) . R ( chance cost of capital. the rate of the following best alternate usage of cash/debt/equity resources ) . NPV=-?cf?_0+ ?cf?_1/ ( 1+r ) ^1 +?cf?_2/ ( 1+r ) ^2 +?cf?_3/ ( 1+r ) ^3 †¦?cf?_n/ ( 1+r ) ^nSpecific recommended scheme and long term aimsExplain why you chose the scheme. and discourse how much the scheme will be to implement and how much new gross your scheme will make. Include your action timetable docket for carry throughing your scheme. Proposed new concern theoretical accountHave your group leader topographic point the consequences of the instance survey analysis in a individual papers and station it to the Group Case Study 1 forum on your Group Discussion Board. Late assignments will non be accepted. Submit this assignment by 11:59 autopsy ( ET ) on Sunday of Module/Week 4.

Free Essays on Generation X

Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. By Douglas Coupland. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991). Coupland illuminates the nineteen eighties by utilizing characters Andy, Clair, and Dag to construct a literary portrait of their generation. The job market, consumerism, and literary terms each contribute to identifying the 1980s generation that came of age. Generation X presents the post baby boomer generation who lost the â€Å"genetic lottery† causing job dissatisfaction, baby boomer resentment, and the search for something different. Dag’s story illustrates the X generation job market headed by those such as his boss, which Dag explains â€Å"Now, Martin, like most embittered ex-hippies, is a yuppie, and I have no idea how you’re supposed to relate to those people.† Dag furthers yuppie classification as, â€Å"Dickoids like Martin who snap like wolverines on speed when they can’t have a restaurant’s window seat in the nonsmoking section with cloth napkins† (21). As his story continues in the chapter titled â€Å"Quit Your Job† Dag reflects baby boomer resentment but first he explains to Dickoid Martin, â€Å"Well, if I’m going to quit anyway, might as well get a thing or two off my chest.† Following Dickoid’s (Martin) astonished response Dag asks, â€Å"do you really think we enjoy hearing about your brand new million-dollar home when we can barely afford to eat Kraft Dinner sandwiches in our own grimy little shoe boxes and we’re push ing thirty? A home you won in a genetic lottery, I might add, sheerly by dint of your having been born at the right time in history? You’d last about ten minutes if you were my age these days, Martin† (21). This story is especially important because it displays separation in occupational potential between the superior baby boomers vs. the inferior X generation. Most importantly Dag is unsatisfied with his job therefore providing an important aspect of his generation. A... Free Essays on Generation X Free Essays on Generation X Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. By Douglas Coupland. (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991). Coupland illuminates the nineteen eighties by utilizing characters Andy, Clair, and Dag to construct a literary portrait of their generation. The job market, consumerism, and literary terms each contribute to identifying the 1980s generation that came of age. Generation X presents the post baby boomer generation who lost the â€Å"genetic lottery† causing job dissatisfaction, baby boomer resentment, and the search for something different. Dag’s story illustrates the X generation job market headed by those such as his boss, which Dag explains â€Å"Now, Martin, like most embittered ex-hippies, is a yuppie, and I have no idea how you’re supposed to relate to those people.† Dag furthers yuppie classification as, â€Å"Dickoids like Martin who snap like wolverines on speed when they can’t have a restaurant’s window seat in the nonsmoking section with cloth napkins† (21). As his story continues in the chapter titled â€Å"Quit Your Job† Dag reflects baby boomer resentment but first he explains to Dickoid Martin, â€Å"Well, if I’m going to quit anyway, might as well get a thing or two off my chest.† Following Dickoid’s (Martin) astonished response Dag asks, â€Å"do you really think we enjoy hearing about your brand new million-dollar home when we can barely afford to eat Kraft Dinner sandwiches in our own grimy little shoe boxes and we’re push ing thirty? A home you won in a genetic lottery, I might add, sheerly by dint of your having been born at the right time in history? You’d last about ten minutes if you were my age these days, Martin† (21). This story is especially important because it displays separation in occupational potential between the superior baby boomers vs. the inferior X generation. Most importantly Dag is unsatisfied with his job therefore providing an important aspect of his generation. A...

Course Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Course Design - Coursework Example Following all the instructions as I have spelled out in either the assignments or in term papers is also important in order to do well in this course. Attendance is also a MUST and every student is expected to observe this without fail. As stipulated in the institution’s policy every student is expected to observe and maintain a high level of diligence while attending the classes. The course requires a lot of research and students are encouraged to work in groups to conduct the stipulated research and make the best inferences from the research conducted. Students are also encouraged to enjoy the learning experience and link the studies to their daily activities and situations to maximize on the learning objectives of this course. It is my belief that the students are well versed with the technological advancements that have been propagated by East Asia in the recent past. East Asia is leading in the amounts of products manufactured per year and therefore they are able to boost their economies accordingly. Am also assuming that every person has gone through the pre-requisite units before taking up this unit and therefore you are all well-versed with the background information and skills to pursue and take the unit. Research is an essential part of this course and I am assuming that all of you have learnt the research methods and are equipped with the skills to conduct a conclusive research on this course. I will facilitate the learning and give you ample knowledge on the unit so that you can take up and conduct the research on your own since I believe the best learning method is through involving the students in the learning process thereby making it more student oriented. Omvedt, G., Kelkar, G., & Asian Institute of Technology. (1995).  Gender and technology: Emerging visions from Asia. Bangkok, Thailand: Gender and Development

Manifesto for the Eradication of Weapons of Lung Destruction Essay

Manifesto for the Eradication of Weapons of Lung Destruction - Essay Example The greatness of freedom is that we are free to commit atrocities upon ourselves, yet not many people would sign up for the freedom to harm or kill as many people around them as possible. Why then are smokers allowed to do so We hunt down terrorists because they take innocent lives; the US declared war not only on Al Qaeda who took under 3000 lives in the World Trade Center bombings on September 11, 2001, but also on terrorists in general, including Afghanistan and Iraq. So why do we allow environmental terrorists, viz. smokers to escape with using weapons of lung destruction to take the lives of 3000 non-smokers per year, and not to mention the 35000 who die from heart disease every year The environmental Chernobyl disaster engendered public outrage and instigated new laws, yet we hesitate to implement laws to ban the equally dangerous and insidious smoking in public places, which is associated with approximately 14000 new asthma cases in children and 230000 new cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in children under 18 months old.

Creational Design Patterns in Detailed Design and Design Logic Essay

Creational Design Patterns in Detailed Design and Design Logic Patterns - Essay Example The benefit from this is that it allows creation of new derived types without requiring any changes to code that use base class. Factory method is a popular creational design pattern in object-oriented programming and it helps to put into practice the concept of factories. The design pattern may be specifically used to deal with problem of object creation without specifying exact number of object classes that would be created. This method is used when object creation and reuse becomes impossible without duplication of code (Otero, pp.188-189). It is a popular object creation software design pattern that aims to find solution to telescopic constructor anti pattern. This phenomenon of anti-pattern occurs when increase of constructor object parameter leads to list of exponential constructors. Thus, instead of using frequent constructors the builder pattern uses another builder object that takes initialization parameter sequentially returns resultant output object at once. It is a creational design pattern in the field of software development that is popularly used when object type is determined from prototype instance cloned for producing new objects. Abstract classes are required to implement this pattern that uses pure virtual clone method (Otero, pp.201-203). In software engineering, this design pattern restricts classes to be instantiated to objects. The pattern is very useful when one object needs to coordinate actions across system. The pattern generalizes systems that operates more efficiently with single object and restricts instantiation up to limited number of objects. It organizes business logic by particular routines handling single request from presentation layer and is the most common way of writing applications for beginners. Language semantics can be used to identify and express tasks and common routines may be broken into

Histidine Synthesis: An Overview of Research

Histidine Synthesis: An Overview of Research Histidine Synthesis Kathryn McCallister The study of the biosynthetic pathway leading to synthesis of the amino acid histidine in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes was begun more than 40 years ago and has resulted in the unraveling of many fundamental mechanisms of biology (1). With this it can be assumed that much of the pathway is known or is in the process of becoming known. What is to be discussed is the pathway itself, which has been studied extensively in E. coli and S. typhimurium. While many may not understand why this pathway is important in the body it should not be understated that this is a very important pathway. Histidine is an essential amino acid. Histidine metabolism has been extensively researched and many articles have been published about the numerous effects of having deficient or excessive histidine in the blood. This paper will go over the flow of the pathway in detail from the beginning to the end result, Histidine. Histidine is something that is very important in the human body and this will be rev ealed later in the paper. Now the portion of the pathway to be discussed is the portion in which Histidine is made into Carnosine. Now in order to discuss this portion of the pathway we must first find out how we make Histidine in the first place. This pathway also occurs in prokaryotes which are the main organism in which this pathway has been studied. The disease that we will be focusing on is Carnosinemia. This disease is caused by a deficient amount of histidine in the body. Lastly we will discuss the prevalence of this disease in society and how this could potentially affect the population in the future. The histidine system is an important system in the body. It has also helped with other theories. The histidine system was of the utmost importance in the definition and refinement of the operon theory (1). In order to understand this theory you first must understand what an operon is. An operon contains a group of genes that code for enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway (2). This is very important in the processes of the organism. The operon helps the cell conserve energy. The operon theory was first proposed by the French microbiologist Franà §ois Jacob and Jacques Monod in the early 1960s (2). While this seems irrelevant in fact, it has been calculated that 41 ATP molecules are sacrificed for each histidine molecule made (1). With that kind of energy needed it’s no wonder that the majority of Histidine comes from diet. Histidine is a costly amino acid to produce, so in order for the body to maintain itself it has to be able to take Histidine from the food in which we eat . If enough of this amino acid is not taken in then it could potentially cause problems. Histidine is one of the most important substances in the body only because it can be converted into other things one of which is really important in the body, haemoglobin. Furthermore, it is involved in various metabolic reactions and hence ensures indirectly the oxygen supply to all the organs and tissues (3). Without oxygen the body would eventually begin to shut down. In particular, in the well-known yeast S. cerevisiae, the seven genes responsible for the biosynthesis of histidine are located on six different chromosomes (1). Now this is very different than in Archaebacteria. The his genes in archaebacterial are less well known than in eubacteria; only three his genes have been recognized in just four species, three of them belonging to the genus Methanococcus and one to Halobacterium (1). This is interesting since there are seven genes. The demonstration that hisI and hisE is, in fact, a single gene (now hisI) brought the genes to eight and the steps to 10 (1). Quickly covering these steps is no easy task, but below is an attempt to do so. The first reaction in histidine biosynthesis is the condensation of ATP and 5-phophoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form N’-5’-phosphoribosyl-ATP (PRATP) (1). This key reaction is involved in feedback inhibition. The second step in histidine biosynthesis is the condensation of PRATP into PRAMP. From PRAMP the synthesis produces BBMII. The fourth step of the pathway is an internal redox reaction, also known as Amadori rearrangement, involving the isomerization of the aminoaldose 5’-ProFAR to the aminoketose N’-[(5’-phosphoribulosyl)-formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleotide (5’-PRFAR or BBMIII) (1). This is then synthesized into imidazole-glycerol-phosphate, also known as IGP. AICAR, which is produced in the reaction catalyzed by the IGP synthase, is recycled into the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway (1). From there it is dehydrated and the resulting enol is ketonized nonenzymatically to imidazole-acetol-phosphate (IAP) (1). The seventh step of this pathway is a reversible one in which IAP is involved. The reaction leads to the production of ÃŽ ±-ketoglutarate and L-histidinol-phosphate (HOL-P) (1). From there it loses the phosphate and becomes L-histidinol (HOL). HOL is oxidized and becomes L-histidinal, which is an unstable portion of the pathway. From there it proceeds to histidine by way of a transferase, or in other words it moves the intermediate to another site on the chain. Nevertheless, the two initial substrates of histidine biosynthesis, PRPP and ATP, play a key role in intermediate and energetic metabolism and link this pathway to the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, pyridine nucleotide, folates, and tryptophan (1). Klem and Davisson found that the protein encoded by the hisF gene has an ammoni-dependent activity that is responsible for the conversion of PRFAR to AICAR and IFP, while the product of the hisH gene had no detectable catalytic properties. However, in combination, the two proteins were able to carry out the reaction in the presence of glutamine as a nitrogen donor without releasing any free metabolic intermediate (1). Final identification was generally achieved from DNA and protein sequence comparison with the E. coli counterparts, assuming, as it is widely accepted, the the biosynthetic pathway is fundamentally the same in all organisms (1). This later may be associated with dietary factors, since it is known that histidinuria may be present after a heavy protein meal especially in children; it is also increased during pregnancy and at the beginning of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (9). This is interesting to note because this study was done in 1962 ns was based on a urine analysis of the mentally defective population of Northern Ireland. This study proposed that there were approximately 4,000 people under the care of the Northern Ireland Hospitals Authority during this study. In the 2,081 urines examined there were two cases of very severe generalized aminoaciduria and 36 cases of moderate severity; these latter are of ‘central cluster’ pattern involving glycine, serine, alanine, glutamine and/or glutamic acid, histidine, threonine and sometimes taurine (9). While these numbers may seem insignificant when you take that throughout the whole population who may not know that they have a deficiency, t he numbers translate to 1.8% of the population. It is appreciated that many of the above amino-acidurias may have a metabolic basis quite unrelated to mental retardation, and it is hoped to study these cases in detail (9). This is later confirmed by further testing. The portion of the pathway that will be discussed is from Histidine to Carnosine. This may seem unrelated but Carnosinemia is caused by a lack of Histidine because it is partially made up of Histidine. Without Histidine there can be no Carnosine made. One of the genes that have recently been linked to diabetic nephropathy is Carnosine dipeptidase-1 (6). This is just one of the problems that carnosinemia could potentially cause in the human body. In humans, circulating Carnosine is readily degraded by the highly active serum carnosinase enzyme, which is secreted from the liver into the plasma (6). Without Carnosine this enzyme isn’t able to function properly. Carnosinase is a true dipeptidase and this was discovered in an experiment that was published in 1985. Human tissue carnosinase (EC 3.4.13.3) had optimum activity at pH 9.5 and was a cysteine peptidase, being activated by dithiothreitol and inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (7). While pH may be manipulated in a lab, ou r body adjusts our pH everyday on a cellular level in order to work at maximum capacity at all times. Carnosine could hold the potential to protect type 2 diabetics from some of the complications associated with nerve damage. From these genetic data in human patients, it was hypothesized that L-Carnosine serum levels are associated with the risk for late complications of diabetic disease and that L-Carnosine acts as a protective factor (6). This is interesting to note since most symptoms associated with low amino acid levels involve some sort of nerve problem. The researchers hypothesized that L-Carnosine may be a protective factor when it comes to diabetic patients and their potential nerve problems associated with type 2 diabetes. In the results they found that mice that were supplemented with L-Carnosine had later onset diabetes and was much milder than anticipated. Their conclusion was that hCN1-dependent susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy may at least in part be mediated by altered glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients (6). It has been found that Carnosine not only protects against type 2 diabetes but also with LDL and high cholesterol. In an experiment published in 2007 it was found that Carnosine was able to lower LDL without the dangerous accumulation of cholesterol that many drugs on the market cause. The key finding of the current study is that Carnosine and its constituents are effective at equimolar concentrations to the modifying agent, out data suggests that Carnosine and its constituents may serve as effective scavengers of carbonyl compounds and inhibitors of protein glycation in vivo, and as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit diabetes-induced atherosclerosis. (5). That is why Carnosine is so important in the human body. Now managing this disease isn’t as simple as just ingesting more histidine or Carnosine. There is no known cure for carnosinemia. They are still trying to figure out what causes carnosinemia. The signs and symptoms of carnosinemia are: aminoaciduria, cognitive impairment, developmental regress, EEG abnormality, seizures, autosomal recessive inheritance, carnosinuria, generalized myoclonic seizures, and intellectual disability (12). Most of the symptoms as stated have to do with the brain and its functions, and this is very similar to a number of other diseases that have to do with amino acid deficiency. Unfortunately as stated there is no known cure or management for this disease. Unfortunately only about 30 cases have been reported to date so not a lot of people even know that this disease exists. So far, all genetically determined diseases due to primarily to an enzyme deficiency are inherited by recessive or sex-linked mechanisms and this rule is holding so well that there is little reason to search for such a cause in conditions showing dominant inheritance (4). Carnosinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both parents have to be carriers in order for the child to be effected. The commonest approach has been to provide a diet deprived of an offending constituent, the greatest experience having been obtained with the treatment by this means of phenylketonuria and galactosaemia (4). When researched no known treatment could be neither found, nor any experimental treatments for this disease. Not enough people suffer from this disease to make experimentation worthwhile for scientists. Dietary restriction is by no means the only approach to therapy and in disorders of many essential amino-acids may not even be feasible (4). Such is the case for carnosinemia and h istidine deficiency. In conclusion, the study of histidine has spanned more than 40 years and is still very much ongoing. The two main study specimens that have been used to study the Histidine pathway are E. coli and S. typhimurium. The pathway is comprised of 10 steps in which it starts at ATP and ends with Histidine. From there is can be transformed into a number of different compounds including Histamine and Haemoglobin. There are seven genes that make up the Histidine pathway and they are located on six different chromosomes in eukaryotes. Histidine intake is mostly dietary because it is so costly for the body to make it. Which is why Histidinuria is found especially in children and pregnant women. They also found the Histidine deficiency can cause many developmental delays, and was found in a some of the mentally challenged people tested in Northern Ireland. Histidine makes up Carnosine in the human body which is very important for those with diabetes. It has been found that Carnosine may have a pr otective factor for those with type 2 diabetes. It may prevent those with type 2 diabetes from developing a severe case of nephropathy. It was also found to help lower LDL without causing cholesterol buildup like some of the drugs on the market today. This is why Carnosine is so important in the human body. Carnosinemia is a very serious disease and there is no known cure or treatment for it. The symptoms of Carnosinemia range from cognitive impairment to seizures. Unfortunately this disease can’t be fixed with diet, and there are no known medications or treatments for this disease. Carnosinemia is a very serious disease caused by a deficiency of Histidine. References Alifano, P.; Fani, R; Lià ², P.; Lazcano, A.; Bazzicalupo, M.; Carlomagno, M. S.; Bruni, C.B. Histidine Biosynthetic Pathway and Genes: Structure, Regulation, and Evolution. Am. Soc. For Microbiology. 1996, Vol. 60, 44-69. Encyclopedia Britannica. Operon. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429974/operon (accessed Nov 25, 2014). Amino Acid Studies. L-histidine. http://aminoacidstudies.org/l-histidine/ (accessed Nov 25, 2014). Raine, D. N. Management of Inherited Metabolic Disease. British Medical Journal. 1972, Vol.2, 329-336. Rashid, I.; van Reyk, D. M.; Davies, M. J. Carnosine and its constituents inhibit gylcation of low-density lipoproteins that promotes foam cell formation in vitro. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. 2007, 1067-1070. Sauerhofer, S.; Yuan, G.; Braun, G. S.; Deinzer, M.; Neumaier, M.; Gretz, N.; Floege, J.; Kriz, W.; van der Woude, F.; Moeller, M. J. L-Carnosine, a Substrate of Carnosinase-1, Influences Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes. 2007, Vol. 56, 2425-2432 Lenner, J. F.; Pepper, S. C.; Kucera-Orallo, C. M.; George, R. P. Characterization of human tissue carnosinase. Biochem. J. 1985, 653-660. Everaert, I.; Taes, Y.; De Heer, E.; Baelde, H.; Zutinic, A.; Yard, B.; Sauerhofer, S.; Vanhee, L.; Delanghe, J.; Aldini, G.; Derave, W. Low plasma carnosinase activity promotes carnosinemia after Carnosine ingestion in humans. American Physiological Society. 2012, F1537-F1544. Carson, N. A. J.; Neill, D. W. Metabolic Abnormalities Detected in a Survey of Mentally Backward Individuals in Northern Ireland. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1962, 505-513. Kanehisa Laboratories. Histidine metabolism-Reference pathway. http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?org_name=mapmapno=00340mapscale=show_description=hide (accessed Nov 25, 2014). University of Bristol. Histamine in the body. http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/histamine/jm/body.htm (accessed Nov 25, 2014). National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Carnosinemia. http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/6001/carnosinemia/resources/9 (accessed Nov 30, 2014). Orpha. Prevalence of rare disease: Bibliographic data. Orphanet Series [online] 2014, 8 http://www.orpha.net/orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Prevalence_of_rare_diseases_by_alphabetical_list.pdf

Of Power and Piety: An Inquisition into The Roman Catholic Church Essa

Religion is thought to provide comfort to the innermost part of a human: the soul. However, what happens when religion seeks to overstep its rightful boundaries and attempts to control humans from the outside, rather than uplift them from within. Such is the fault of the largest religious organization on Earth: The Roman Catholic Church. Throughout history, the Catholic Church has been among the most infamous of faith-groups due to its apparent conquest for absolute dominance over the minds, bodies, and souls of humanity. The Roman Catholic Church has and continues to play a negative role in the world with respect to the fields of science, politics, and culture, undermining the quality of life for adherents and infidels alike. The Church has and continues to impede humanity’s quest for knowledge and prosperity through its repression of science. As well, it has been involved in among the most infamous events throughout history. Finally, the Church has made its blatant that it s eeks to turn back the hands of time worth respect to progressive social change through tis preaching of its archaic attitudes on contemporary social issues. The Roman Catholic Church has throughout history, impeded scientific discovery, which thereby impaired humanity’s progress towards better understanding of and prospering in the world. Being the most â€Å"catholic† of the world’s faiths, the church has wielded an uncanny grip over the hearts and minds of a large portion of the human race; this was its source of power. To ensure that this power would never be lost, the church had to appeal to all faculties of the human condition, including those of wondering and reason. To this end, the church only tolerated explanations of the workings of the universe that w... ...578d3124b4%40sessionmgr11&bdata=Jmxhbmc9ZW4tY2Emc2l0ZT1wb3YtY2Fu# db=p3h&AN=1639206 Robinson, B.A. "The role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Shoah (Nazi Holocaust)." religious tolerance.org. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/vat_hol12.htm "The Decline of the Church Authority.†. Albalagh Retrieved from http://www.albalagh.net/kids/history/church_decline.shtml Dickson White, Andrew. "A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom." University of Michigan Center for the Study of Complex Systems. Retrieved from http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/White/ Hawkes, Charles, and Jennifer Watt. What Makes us Human. Images of society: introduction to anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Toronto. McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001. Pg39.

Studying Abroad or Studying At Home Essay

Studying abroad has become very fashionable for many residents. Many students seek the opportunities to study overseas to create a bright future and achieve childhood dreams. People who prefer to leave their home and study abroad seemed to be searching for educational satisfaction over their entire desire. Homesickness and culture shock besides unsafe environment are only a few problems of what an expat may face. It is believed that students shouldn’t leave their home to study abroad. The first reason why we should encourage students to pursue education locally is that a student studying locally doesn’t need to learn how to speak the local language of the foreign country that’s because they already known it. This will help avoid any communication problems between the students and their surroundings. Students can mix and blend with fellow classmates and teachers with ease. Moreover, students would be closer to home, being able to see and communicate with their loved people. Learning to live without a family is difficult and hard to cope with especially if someone was far alone from friends’ support and help. Another reason why a student shouldn’t leave their homeland to study abroad is the difficulties of moving. Studying locally is not as expensive compared to studying overseas. Students would not need to rent apartment as they can stay in the house they have been living in. Winter clothing, which also costs a lot of money, is not needed for those who are planning to study in western side. Local calls are also far cheaper than international calls for people who study outside of their country. More important, as a foreign student, students will experience distinct traditions and customs from that of their homeland and influence by their behaviors and norms. Students sometimes encounter with cultural shock. In different country things can be different than our habits. It is difficult  to get used to live in a foreign country. Traditions, habits and people are different and besides this it takes time to learn what their traditions and habits are. Culture shock also causes student not to be social and feel homesick. Students might miss their environment, family and friends. The opponents argue that studying abroad has many advantages, such as the advanced courses and developed approaches and facilities and the glory name of the western universities. They think that could expand student outlook and autonomy. However, local universities have encouraged students to study at home by opining international and famous worldwide university branches in its land. Furthermore, these universities branches are not less significance than the main branch in its original country. The counterarguments may think that speaking the language is better when someone lives between native people of the language. However, governments established many numbers of language institutes whose crew exclude native speakers. To conclude, studying locally is the best choice for students who are looking for satisfactory ad high level of education. People should be proud of pursuing education in homeland universities, where the difficulties of alienation can be avoided. By studying locally, there is no need to speak the language and moved on, only to enjoy studying among your loved people and to live dreams.

Religious Tolerance

Religious Tolerance In spite of the constant existence of religious fanaticism and prejudice experienced in most parts of the word, there has been a notable growth in religious tolerance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Tolerance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The view that diverse religions as well as spiritual customs have a suitable approach has recently become more prevalent. In the contemporary world, religion is continually being characterized by the adherence of one true religion. In the past, some religions were viewed with a lot of contempt and were usually seen as forms of myths or superstitions. This notwithstanding, the concept of religious harmony is progressively being embraced by many nations which adhere to many religions. This essay presents an outlook of some of the major religions practiced throughout the world and the extent to which they have contributed to religious tolerance. These religions include, H indu-Buddhist, Chinese Religion as well as Abrahamic monotheism. Hindu-Buddhist In order to indicate religious tolerance, some aspects of Buddhism have been incorporated in Hinduism. For instance, in Hinduism, Buddha is usually seen as an Avatar of Vishnu. As recorded by the Puranic text Bhagavata Purana, among the twenty-five avatars, Buddha is the twenty-fourth avatar predicting an impending incarnation. Moreover, the majority of Hindu customs describe Buddha as the latest among the ten principal avatars that are identified as the DaÅ›Ä vatÄ ra, which means the Ten Incarnations of God (Fernandez, 2010). However, Buddhas traditions are said to oppose the authority of the Vedas as a result of which Buddhism is regarded as heterodox school. Owing to the variety of teachings within Hinduism, there is no definite perspective or agreement on the Buddhas precise position with regards to the Vedic tradition. The position of the Buddha as the avatar who principally endorsed non-viol ence continues to be an accepted conviction in several contemporary Vaishnava organizations which include ISKCON (Stietencron, 2005). Moreover, other outstanding contemporary proponents of Hinduism, who include Vivekananda as well as Radhakrishnan, regard Buddha as an instructor of an unchanged universal truth that triggers all other religions represented in the world. According to these proponents, Hinduism is distinctively valuable as it recognizes the fact that all religions are one. The Vaishnava sect of Maharashtra, identified as Varkari, adores Lord Vithoba. Despite the fact that Vithoba is generally viewed as form of little Krishna, for several years, there have been a strong conviction that Vithoba is a form of Buddha.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has been echoed by several poets of the Maharashtra such as Tukaram and Eknath who have clearly referred to him as Buddha. The representation of Vithoba as an avatar of Vishnu has mostly been associated with Buddha in an effort to incorporate Buddhism within the Hindu customs. Traditions of Buddha have also been uniquely integrated in Varkari Vaishnavism as well as the conventional Vedic values. In an attempt to explore the contemporary Hindu opinion on Buddhism, it is important to consider the question of whether, or to what extent, Buddhism is a component of Hinduism. Even though the integrity of Hinduism, cannot be weakened in case all the exclusively Buddhist elements were left out, some Hinduism details would definitely be insufficiently elaborated or less emphasized. In most cases, the Buddhist fundamentals do not differ from the Atmanists, even though they represent a more elaborate statement of the law of causality as the indispensable mark of the world of Becoming (Stietencron, 2005). The Chinese Religion China is a country that is usually known for its widespread diversity i n religious beliefs. The major religions in China include Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Protestantism as well as Catholicism. According to the Chinese constitution, the citizens of the country are allowed to choose and express their religious values and affiliations freely. According to recent research, there are approximately 100 million followers that adhere to a variety of religious faiths, at least 85,000 sites where religious functions can be held, around 300,000 clergy and more than 3,000 religious organizations in China (Fernandez, 2010). Furthermore, China has at least 76 religious schools as well as colleges which are mainly run by religious organizations guiding the clerics. In China, Buddhism records a history of about 2,000 years. Today, the country holds 13,000 Buddhist temples which contain at least 200,000 Buddhist monks and nuns. In addition, China has about 3,000 Tibetan Buddhism temples and almost 10,000 Bhiksu and senior nuns, and not less than 1,600 temples of Pali Bu ddhism. On the other hand, Taoism, is native to China, and records a history of not less than 1,700 years. Currently, the country has about 1,600 Taoist temples and not less than 25,000 Taoist monks as well as clerics. Conversely, Islam and Catholicism came into China during the seventh century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Tolerance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, China has at least ten national minorities, 18 million of whom come from Hui and Uygur, who mainly conform to the Islamic faith. China has a minimum of 30,000 mosques which are mainly directed by 40,000 Akhunds and Imams. On the other hand, Catholicism did not spread widely until after the Opium War in 1840. Today, China has a minimum of four million Catholics, led by 4,000 clergy. However, Protestantism was introduced in China at the beginning of the 19th century. The religion only spread widely after the Opium War. At present, C hina has at least 10 million Protestants, 18,000 clergy and 12,000 protestant churches. Furthermore, China has several religious organizations which include; Taoist Association of China, Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association, Buddhist Association of China, Islamic Association of China, China Christian Council, Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China and Chinese Catholic Bishops College. In China, the religious leaders as well as the leading bodies in most religious organizations are often ordained with regards to their distinctive set of laws. In China, all the major religious activities are mainly held at designated sites or in believers homes in harmony with the normal religious customs such as the worship of Buddha, church going, rehearsing scriptures, praying, observing Mass, baptizing followers, monkhood instigation, fasting, commemorating religious festivals among others. In China, all these activities are protected by the Chinese constitut ion, the dealings of religious bodies as well as the believers and hence are not liable to be interfered with. This notwithstanding, the 1976 Cultural Revolution in China had a devastating outcome especially on the aspect of religion. However, in an attempt to correct the mistakes of the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese government made great efforts to revitalize and execute the policy of freedom of worship. It also rectified the unfair and false cases which had been imposed on religious personages, and revived several sites for religious activities. As a matter of fact, since 1980, above 600 Protestant churches are built annually. Moreover, by 1996 at least 18 million Bibles had been produced. This was achieved through some special tax exception treatment which hastened the publication. In addition, at least 8.5 million hymn books have already been dispensed. Furthermore, between 1958 and 1995 128 Catholic bishops had been ordained by the Chinese Catholic church. During this period , at least 900 young Catholic priests have been teaches and persuades the religious leaders to unite all religious believers in order to dynamically contribute to the development of the country. The religious believers in China have developed a habit of loving their nation and respecting other religions.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All the different religions in China embark in serving the society and supporting the citizen’s interests. This can be seen in instances where the Buddhists engage in activities that honor the country and assist the citizens, the Catholics and Protestants worship God and support the people, the Taoists undertake compassionate, diplomatic and harmonious activities, saving the people and the Islams pray to Allah to reward this world at present and in future. All the Chinese religions have equivalent status and co-exist in harmony. As a matter of fact, religious disagreements are rare in China. A big percentage of religious followers as well as the non-believers acknowledge and revere each other. For these reasons, the religions in China indicate the influence of Chinese compatibility and religious tolerance, and the implementation of the right of religious belief. China has set up a politico-religious relationship that matches to the country’s national conditions. Abraha mic Monotheism The term monotheism originates from the Greek term ‘monos’, which signifies one and ‘theos’, representing god. Therefore, monotheism can be described as a belief in the existence of one god. Since monotheism is based on the notion that only one god exists, those who conform to monotheism also believe that this god formed all that exists in the world and is thus entirely independent. This is what is presented in Abrahamic monotheism which comprises Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhism (Fernandez, 2010). With regards to Islam, God is represented as undifferentiated, everlasting, incomparable and not by any means anthropomorphic. However, several of these monotheistic religions are often limited in nature. They not only believe in one god but also rebuff the existence of the gods of any religious denominations. At times, the followers of monotheistic religions view other alleged gods as elements or manifestations of their single utmost god. However, this is rare and mainly happens when shifting from polytheism to monotheism, when explaining why other gods should be done away with. In view of Christianity, God is represented as being anthropomorphic as he is signified by three persons in one. For this reasons, monotheistic religions worship different types of gods. The main thing that they have in common is the focus on a distinct god. Abrahamic Monotheism has its source from Abraham who was Jewish. According to the biblical book of Genesis, Abraham, together with his household, obeyed the instructions of their God whom they referred to as Yahweh. Abraham’s people developed into the people of Israel who produced Judaism, the initial monotheistic religion, and only prayed to Yahweh their god. This was during the second millennium B.C. Later, in the first millennium CE both Christianity and Islam based their teachings upon Judaism and came up with novel religions that worshiped this god. As it expanded, Christiani ty spread to several parts of the world. It was mainly established around the Mediterranean Sea and then spread to Europe and into other continents in the mid-second millennium CE, during the era of colonization. Today, Christianity has become widespread especially in North America and southern America, Australia and in some parts of Africa. On the other hand, Islam rapidly spread into the Middle East and the northern half of Africa, from where it headed eastwards, colonizing the Indian sub-continent and spread into Indonesia and Malaysia which currently composes the most crowded Muslim nation. Currently, Christianity contains approximately one third of the worlds population, which is about 2.3 billion people. On the other hand, Islam follows with approximately one quarter of the worlds population, which comprises around1.8 billion followers. The third largest religion is Hinduism which emanated from India. The nation has approximately one billion followers which is about 14 percent of the worlds population. The majority of Buddhists reside in Asia, and their population ranges from 300 to 350 million followers. As a result of the exclusivity that characterize monotheistic religions, they have been seen to display less religious tolerance as compared to polytheistic religions such as Hindu-Buddhist which has managed to integrate the gods and values of other denominations with relative ease. Abrahamic monotheism can only achieve this without admitting it and while refuting any authenticity or legitimacy to others faiths. In conclusion, it is clear that Abrahamic monotheism comprise the largest religions in the world. Religious tolerance in these religions is limited as they are characterized by little unity as both Islam and Christianity are highly wary of each other. Most religious groups under Abrahamic monotheism scarcely, acknowledge that they are members of the same religious body. For these reasons, Abrahamic monotheism contains several, wrangling members. On the other hand, the Chinese religions indicate more compatibility and religious tolerance which is seen through the mutual religious relationship that exists in the country. Moreover, Hinduism and Buddhism represent immense religious tolerance as they are seen to incorporate aspects of each other’s beliefs. However, governments and religious leaders should endeavor to revitalize and execute the policies of freedom of worship and thus promote religious tolerance. Reference List Fernandez, F. (2011). World: Brief history. New York: Prentice Hall, Inc. Stietencron, H. (2005). Hindu myth: Hindu history. New York: Prentice Hall.

Death Penalty in the United States

Death Penalty in the United States Free Online Research Papers The death Penalty has in recent times come up as an issue of debate among governments and institutions with some against it while others have support for it. This is a discussion about the death penalty in the united states specifically on the states that are up against it I.e New York and Iowa. It will be find out why these two states abolished the death Penalty and the reasons behind it. Death Penalty in New York and Iowa The united states comprises of various states which are governed by individual laws and order. The death penalty is one law and order that is as much applied differently to various states. The states of New York and Iowa are some of the states among others that have abolished the death Penalty. The states of Hawaii and Minnesota among others are some of the states that use the death penalty in their system. The State of New York house of senate has debated and disapproved the death penalty without majority support of support from the people of the state. Thus it seems the State of New York has agreed satisfactorily as a People to abolish the death Penalty. The State of Iowa Remains Embattled in with the death penalty law. Time and time again the house of senate has continued to debate the issue disapproving it without majority of support. New Yorks Death penalty was abolished in la Valle. There are various factors that contributed to the abolishment of the death penalty in new York state including racial problems, religious views, mental illness, costs, innocence, and deterrence, among other subjects. Much of the legal landscape had changed by. There had been new technological developments such as the use of DNA in determination of murder cases where it was found that some had become victims of circumstances and therefore they had been convicted wrongfully (Death Penalty Information Center, US) The death Penalty is a serious issue in the Legal justice system since if someone is convicted wrongfully and sentenced to death, the mistake can never be corrected. What is more compelling is when a family member becomes a victim of the death penalty, the sad emotions the family members undergo through is unjustifiable as their loved one was convicted innocently. These among others such as the defendants future dangerousness is not a statutory aggravator that the jury is told to consider, that is to say that if someone committed death to another person , it may be because he was out of control of his normal human functioning capacity. The defendant may undergo guidance and counseling and revoke to ideal ethics thus not become harmful to others in the future. Thus as it comes out clearly that the death penalty was loosing more and more ground as put out by various witnesses to determine the legality of death penalty. It was evident that the death penalty was unconstitutional since it breached the bill of rights of the defendant despite infringing on the bill of rights of the victim (Death Penalty Information Center, US) Despite Iowa law not proving for the death penalty, in October 2004 Dustin Honken was sentenced to death in the federal court system for the 1993 murders of three adults and two children. Angela Johnson was the first woman to be executed in Iowa for the death penalty. She had been found guilty against six victims. It was found that the federal law was imposed on Iowa; a state, may be because of the special circumstances surrounding the case. Majority of Iowans have been found to favor capital punishment according to public opinions carried out in the recent past. In Iowa the death penalty is still an issue for discussion following the historic developments of debate among the senate members. The Senate has voted without majority of support from both house of representatives with the republicans voting overwhelmingly in favor of the abolishment of the death penalty while the democrats offering little support. (Death Penality Information Center, US) Conclusion The issue of Death Penalty in the United States continues to solicit mixed reactions and debates without a clear decision being reached among all the states legal systems in America. This Could be attributed to the mixed racial backgrounds and culture among the US citizens. For sure the death Penalty code will continue to be abolished or dissolved now and the future depending on the circumstances of which representatives has a majority in house( democrat or republican) Its an issue left to the congressmen of both house of representatives to decide now and often depending on changing times. Republicans seems to vote overwhelmingly for the death penalty while democrats tend to vote against it. The decision on whether to abolish or support the death penalty will definitely be left on future generations to decide References Death Penalty Information Center, US (2010) Iowans Against the Death Penalty (2010) Research Papers on Death Penalty in the United StatesCapital PunishmentThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Relationship between Academia and Practice Essay

Relationship between Academia and Practice - Essay Example In a clear scenario, it is supposed that a person needs academic training in Medicine to be a doctor; whereas another person needs training in Education to be a teacher. However though, the issue of whether or not people explicitly apply the knowledge they acquire in school to their occupation is a debate that will continue for good. The same phenomenon exists with the conduct of research. A lot of people argue that a person does not need personal experience or academic knowhow to conduct research in a particular area of operation. To others though, without personal experience and academic qualification, it is not possible to undertake a research in a said area of practice. This essay seeks to examine these two points of view. Do you have to have personal experience of a specific area of practice in order to be able to conduct research into it? According to the Cambridge Dictionaries Online (2003), a research is â€Å"a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (n ew) information or reach a (new) understanding.† From this definition, it can be established that research is conducted purposely to come out with or identify new area of knowledge. To this effect, it can be said that there would not be the need for a research if the researcher embarking the research is sure of what the result of the research would be. This therefore makes it logically right to argue that research is in itself an act of learning as learning also concerns itself with the acquisition of new ideas (Boateng, 2001). For this reason, it is possible to conduct research in a specific area of practice even in the absence of personal experience. This is because we all start learning specific concepts without any person experiences in the said concept. However though, the need to have some level of personal experience in the area of research only gives the researcher additional benefits though it does not serve as prerequisite condition to enable one undertake a research in a particular area. With personal experience and having learnt about a specific area of practice, the researcher is put in a position to easily understand occurrences in the field of research. Personal experience in the conduct of research also makes the handling, analysis and use of data collected very easy, meaningful and useful. Do you have to fully understand the theory of research in order to conduct research in a business environment? It has been said earlier that research is in itself an act of learning and so as we all start learning without any foreknowledge of the concepts to be taught but we most of the time end up excelling in the courses we started learning about. However, there can be a school of thought that would argue that one also needs to know how to learn because successful learning can take place. Going by the latter argument, it can be said that if one does not have total understanding of the theory of research, conducting research in the business environmen t would be a fiasco especially as the business environment has been identified to be very volatile. It must be noted that business research involves a lot of technical calculations and manipulation of figures, which require only people with background. As noted by Jenlink (2009), â€Å"There is a blurring of boundaries in the knowledge-practice and inquiry-practice relationships that define both the learning to lead and the practice of leading in the educational setting.† Therefore, the absence of a full understanding of the theory of research (as an academia) would make research in the business environment (as practice) extremely challenging. Does research that is designed by practitioners, with little or no influence of academic theory incorporated, of any value in assisting practitioners

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as Essay - 6

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as such cannot be managed. Discuss - Essay Example The reason for such is that once a given culture is introduced into an organization, it ceases to become part of the manageable aspect of the organization but becomes a self regulatory aspect which anybody who joins the system in any rank automatically becomes assimilated into. This is the trend in most organizations. The following discourse mainly focuses on organizational cultures in view of their symbolic meanings and the implications they have on managements. The standards adopted or entrenched in the cultural domain of an organization are very important determinants in its productivity and overall performance. The quality of the customer care service, for instance, is one of the symbolic natures of the organizational attitude since this is the point of the first interaction between a client and the organization’s staff. It is imperative to note that even the quality of the products, levels of safety, and environmental care policies are basis of a firm’s tradition t hat can hardly be altered through the management process. This extends to the marketing mix techniques of a firm, methods of value creation, and the desire to develop new products in the market. The organization must also have a predetermined management structure. It is important to note that the culture of an organization is the symbol of its identity. Consequently, it is not easy to be changed by emerging management dynamics. It is a tradition that gradually grows with the company and ends up defining its overall operational discourse. This simply means that even if a new person is recruited into the firm in any position, one would be compelled to do things in line with the path of action already created. The tradition of an organization also looks like a template onto which all the guidelines towards the anticipated behaviors judged against. It is worth noting that an organization is just like any other social entity with many people working towards achieving a specific goal just like in the rest of the society. In that respect, it can be compared to the general society where, in most cases, the norms are not written anywhere but generations change without manipulating any aspect of the age old traditions. Besides, every generation is always compelled to conform to the dictates of existing norms. The way each organization runs its activities is always unique. This even includes such aspects as public perception of the organization which end up defining the organizational culture. These features are always based on beliefs, attitudes, and customs of the organization. They must always be adhered to for smooth working relations and comfortable working environments. This is not an issue of an overnight arrangement but it is built over a long period of time until it becomes the basis of all the policies of the organization which even the top managers cannot deviate from through any managerial action. The organizational culture is simply a platform on which a man agement tests and implements organizational policies. Take the case of the social standard of top brass managers and how they relate to other employees or members of the public; this is likely to give the true picture of a company (Woodside, 2010). The behavioral conduct of the organizatio

Machiavelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Machiavelli - Essay Example For hundreds of years, guidebooks had been written for rulers about how to govern; these usually focused on the lives and practices of laudable rulers who lived moral lives and tried to teach other rulers how to follow their example. Machiavelli chooses to break strikingly with this long standing and honored tradition, and write a different kind of guidebook for rulers. His guidebook did not tell rulers how to lead in an enlightened, moral way, but rather how to hold on to power, regardless of morality. This mentality was enshrined in his famous â€Å"the ends justify the means† attitude. Machiavelli’s choice to preclude moral discussions from his political analysis was bold, and had many benefits and drawbacks. Removing moral and ethical judgments from political analysis allowed Machiavelli to give a clearer guide to how to retain leadership, and differentiate traits that are praiseworthy in an individual from traits that are praiseworthy in a prince, but simultaneousl y perverted discussions of what the role of the ruler should be, focusing on how a ruler can help himself retain power rather than how to do the best thing for his subjects, necessarily. The first major benefit of Machiavelli’s choice to remove moral and ethical considerations from his political analysis is that it allows him to ask questions previous thinkers had not really been able to; instead of asking â€Å"what makes a good ruler?† he was able to ask â€Å"what makes a successful ruler?† or, put another way â€Å"what allows a ruler to achieve and to hold onto power?† This kind of thinking pervades Machiavelli’s texts – he writes that he intends his book to be a â€Å"practical text† (chapter XV), which, rather than following a line of moral absolutes, attempts to write something of â€Å"practical use to the inquirer† based on what actually happened to rulers who acted in one way or another (chapter XV). He insists that every action will lead to either â€Å"self-preservation† or â€Å"self-destruction† and that the primary goal of any ruler most be for all of his actions to be consistent with the former rather than the latter. Machiavelli, by eschewing moral questions, is able to focus on a completely different aspect of rulership than previous thinkers were able to. Focusing solely on how to achieve and hold on to power sounds a bit – well, Machiavellian for lack of a better term, selfish and disinterested with other’s wellbeing. Machiavelli’s focus on the maintenance of power is not, however, solely beneficial to the prince that takes his advice, but can also be of great benefit to the entire population. A ruler who behaves in a â€Å"self-destructive† way will surely be weak to attacks, and eventually others will try to attack his position and gain his princedom for their own. Such weak rulers who constantly have to spend time and energy defending their position always have less resources to put towards the public good, and the population suffers. Furthermore, weak rulers often invite anarchy, which can be much more damaging to a society than a slightly tyrannical leader. So, depending on the situation, Machiavelli’s admittedly cold advice could benefit not only the prince but also his population. Being able to ask and answer very different types of questions than previous thinkers had been able to was only one of the many benefit of Machiavelli’s amoral political analysis. Another major one was the ability to differentiate between qualities that are admirable in an individual versus qualities that are admirable or desirable in a leader. One of the prime examples Machiavelli uses to demonstrate the differences is the quality of generosity versus miserliness. Though generosity is obviously an excellent and admirable quality to have as an individual, Machiavelli